Niveles bajos de vitamina D y su efecto en la oseointegración: revisión sistemática / Low levels of vitamin D and effect on osseointegration: a systematic review

Introducción: la vitamina D es una hormona que se sintetiza por células de la piel mediante la luz ultravioleta (UV) y se obtiene a través de la dieta. La relación que se establece entre la deficiencia de vitamina D y el fracaso en injertos óseos o implantes se basa en las alteraciones inmunológicas e inflamatorias debido al vínculo que existe con la inmunidad innata y adaptativa. Objetivo: identificar los factores que se presentan en el periodonto cuando existen niveles bajos de vitamina D y se realizan tratamientos periodontales como injertos óseos e implantes. Material y métodos: se realizó la búsqueda primaria de artículos en bases de datos PubMed y Google Académico (en español e inglés), de acuerdo con las palabras claves: deficiencia, vitamina D, implantología y oseointegración. Resultados: la vitamina D afecta y predispone al rechazo de injertos, ausencia de oseointegración en implantes debido a la inmunomodulación. Conclusión: el éxito del tratamiento se vuelve predecible cuando se encuentran niveles óptimos de vitamina D en conjunto con técnicas de abordaje quirúrgico correctas que permitan generar una integración ideal de los tejidos periodontales (AU)

Introduction: vitamin D is a hormone that is synthesized by skin cells using UV light and consumed through the diet. The relationship established between vitamin D deficiency and the failure of bone grafts or implants is based on immunological and inflammatory alterations due to the intimate link with innate and adaptive immunity. Objective: to identify the factors that occur in the periodontium when there are low levels of vitamin D and periodontal treatments such as bone grafts and implants are performed. Material and methods: a search for articles was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar (Spanish and English). Results: vitamin D affects and predisposes to graft rejection, absence of osseointegration in implants due to immunomodulation. Conclusion: the success of the treatment becomes predictable when optimal levels of vitamin D are found together with the correct surgical approach techniques that allow the generation of an ideal integration of the periodontal tissues.(AU)

Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and nephroblastoma in children and its value in assessing disease prognosis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] and nephroblastoma in children and its value in assessing the prognosis of the disease.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 children with nephroblastoma who were admitted from January 2018 to December 2022 were included as the nephroblastoma group, and according to the postoperative pathological type, they were divided into a good prognosis group with 38 children and a poor prognosis group with 12 children. A total of 50 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period of time served as the healthy control group. The above groups were compared in terms of serum creatinine and 25-(OH)D level. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between serum 25-(OH)D level and therapeutic effect reaction. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors affecting the prognosis of nephroblastoma in children.@*RESULTS@#The nephroblastoma group had significantly lower levels of serum creatinine and 25-(OH)D than the healthy control group (P<0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had a significantly larger tumor diameter, a significantly higher proportion of children with stage III-IV tumors, a significantly higher rate of tumor metastasis, and significantly lower serum levels of creatinine and 25-(OH)D (P<0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum 25-(OH)D level was negatively correlated with therapeutic effect reaction (rs=-0.685, P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter ≥10 cm, stage III-IV tumors, presence of tumor metastasis, and 25-(OH)D <19 ng/mL were closely associated with the poor prognosis of nephroblastoma in children (P<0.05). Serum 25-(OH)D level had an area under the curve of 0.805 (95%CI: 0.706-0.903, P<0.001) in evaluating the prognosis of nephroblastoma in children, with a Youden index of 0.512, a sensitivity of 0.938, and a specificity of 0.575 at the optimal cut-off value of 1.764 ng/mL.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is a significant correlation between 25-(OH)D level and the prognosis of nephroblastoma in children, and 25-(OH)D can be used for prognosis prediction.

The effect of vitamin D deficiency in children with overactive bladder related urinary incontinence

ABSTRACT Purpose: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common syndrome associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially urinary incontinence in children, which may affect the patient's quality of life (QoL). Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be associated with OAB syndrome. This study evaluated the relationship between vitamin D status and OAB-related symptoms and QoL in children. Materials and Methods: The study included 52 pediatric patients with OAB-related urinary incontinence and 41 healthy children. LUTS were assessed using the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptoms Score (DVISS) questionnaire, and QoL was assessed using the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PINQ). Oral vitamin D supplementation was given to patients with OAB with vitamin D deficiency. Urinary symptoms and QoL were evaluated before and after vitamin D supplementation. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was more common in the OAB group (75%) than in the control group (36.6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin D status (<20ng/mL) was a significant predictor of OAB. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment DVISS and PINQ scores showed a positive correlation. After vitamin D supplementation, 8 (23.5%) patients had a complete response and 19 (55.9%) patients had a partial response. Significant improvement in QoL was also achieved. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is more common in children with urinary incontinence and OAB than in healthy children. Although vitamin D deficiency is not routinely evaluated for every patient, it should be evaluated in treatment-resistant OAB cases. Vitamin D supplementation may improve urinary symptoms and QoL in patients with OAB.

Low serum levels of vitamin D significantly increase the risk of death in older adults with hip fractures: a prospective cohort / Baixos níveis séricos de vitamina D aumentam significativamente o risco de morte em idosos com fraturas de quadril: coorte prospectiva

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D3 levels and fatal outcome in patients over 60 years of age undergoing surgical repair of hip fractures. Methods: prospective cohort of patients undergoing surgical repair of hip fractures. At admission, 25(OH)D3 levels were measured, among other parameters. Patients were followed for at least 1 year, and incident mortality was recorded. Results: 209 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 79.5 ± 7.6 years among survivors and 80.7 ± 8.2 years among those who died in the first postoperative year (p=0.346). The 25(OH)D3 levels of survivors were significantly higher than those of patients who died (p=0.003). After adjusting for confounding variables, 25(OH)D3 levels below 12.5ng/mL were significant risk factors regardless of mortality (adjusted OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 2.35 to 24.56). Conclusions: our data show that serum 25(OH)D3 levels below 12.5ng/mL significantly and independently increased the risk of mortality in the first year after surgical repair of low-energy hip fracture in patients over 60 years of age in the geographic region where this study was conducted. Low albumin also showed a significant association with mortality in these patients. All other factors had no significant associations.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre os níveis de 25(OH)D3 e o desfecho fatal em pacientes acima de 60 anos submetidos a correção cirúrgica de fratura de quadril. Métodos: coorte prospectiva de pacientes submetidos a correção cirúrgica de fraturas de quadril. À admissão, foram medidos os níveis de 25(OH)D3, entre outros parâmetros. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por, pelo menos, um ano e a mortalidade foi registrada. Resultados: foram incluídos 209 pacientes no estudo, com média de idade de 79,5 ± 7,6 anos entre os sobreviventes e 80,7 ± 8,2 anos entre os que morreram no primeiro ano de pós-operatório (p=0,346). Os níveis de 25(OH)D3 dos sobreviventes foram significativamente maiores do que os dos pacientes que morreram (p=0,003). Após o ajuste para variáveis de confusão, níveis de 25(OH)D3 abaixo de 12,5ng/mL foram fator de risco significativo, independentemente da mortalidade (OR ajustado 7,6; IC 95% 2,35 24,56). Conclusões: níveis séricos de 25(OH)D3 abaixo de 12,5ng/mL aumentaram significativa e independentemente o risco de morte no primeiro ano após o reparo cirúrgico de fratura de quadril de baixa energia em pacientes com mais de 60 anos de idade na região geográfica onde este estudo foi realizado. A albumina baixa também teve associação significativa com a mortalidade nesses pacientes. Todos os outros fatores não tiveram associações significativas.

Frequency of vitamin d deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and its relationship with obesity, depression, and pain intensity: a cross-sectional study / Frequência da deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar e sua relação com obesidade, depressão e intensidade da dor: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective This study was conducted to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and to define the relationship between vitamin D levels and obesity, depression, and pain intensity. Methods This study was conducted with 69 patients (Male = 32, Female = 37) diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis. The participants' 25(OH)D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In addition, bone metabolic status, including bone mineral density and bone turnover markers, was also evaluated. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to determine the depression statuses of the patients, while the McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire was administered to measure pain intensity. The results were evaluated at a significance level of p<0.05. Results Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 76.8% of the patients. Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients who: 1) had higher body mass indexes (OR 3.197, 95% CI 1.549-6.599); 2) fared higher in Beck's depression score (OR 1.817, 95% CI 1.027-3.217); and 3) were female rather than male (OR 1.700, 95% CI 0.931-3.224) (p<0.05). Conclusion In this study, vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in lumbar spinal stenosis patients. In addition, obese, depressed, and female individuals have higher risks of vitamin D deficiency.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a frequência de deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar e para definir a relação entre os níveis de vitamina D e obesidade, depressão e intensidade da dor. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado com 69 pacientes (homens = 32, mulheres = 37) diagnosticados com estenose espinhal lombar. Os níveis de 25(OH)D dos participantes foram medidos por radioimunoensaio. Além disso, o estado metabólico ósseo, incluindo densidade mineral óssea e marcadores de remodelação óssea, também foi avaliado. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck foi usado para determinar os estados de depressão dos pacientes, enquanto o Questionário de Dor McGill Melzack foi aplicado para medir a intensidade da dor. Os resultados foram avaliados a um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados A deficiência de vitamina D (<20 ng/mL) foi encontrada em 76,8% dos pacientes. A análise de regressão logística binária mostrou uma frequência significativamente maior de deficiência de vitamina D nos seguintes pacientes: 1) com maior índice de massa corporal (OR 3,197, 95% IC 1,549-6,599); 2) com maior pontuação na escala de depressão de Beck (OR 1,817, 95% IC 1,027-3,217) e 3) do sexo feminino em vez de masculino (OR 1,700, 95% IC 0,931-3,224) (p<0,05). Conclusão Neste estudo, a deficiência de vitamina D foi prevalente em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar. Além disso, pessoas obesas, deprimidas e mulheres correm maior risco de deficiência de vitamina D.

Vitamina d: su implicancia en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y su rol en el desarrollo y prevención de la enfermedad / Vitamin d: the implications in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in the development and prevention of the disease

Introducción: La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 ha sido un desafío para la medicina en estos últimos años por su alta tasa de contagios y muertes asociadas. Progresivamente los investigadores han ido dilucidando vías de transmisión y manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes, que han facilitado la detección el virus. Con el objetivo de optimizar la prevención y tratamiento en pacientes infectados, investigadores de todo el mundo han evaluado la importancia de la respuesta inmune frente al virus, destacando la acción de algunos inmunomoduladores, como por ejemplo, la vitamina D. Desarrollo: Tras invadir el organismo, el SARS-CoV-2 se une a receptores de las células epiteliales del tracto respiratorio, específicamente en el neumocito tipo II, disminuyendo la producción de surfactante y provocando una producción desregulada de citocinas proinflamatorias, principal responsable de los casos más severos. Se ha demostrado que la Vitamina D puede modular la respuesta inmune tras unirse a su receptor VDR, disminuyendo la liberación de citocinas proinflamatorias. Algunos estudios han determinado que el uso de suplementos de vitamina D en dosis altas pudieran producir efectos protectores frente a infecciones respiratorias agudas. Conclusión: Finalmente, pese a los estudios realizados que relacionan el déficit de vitamina D con casos más severos de COVID-19, aún se requiere más evidencia para recomendar suplementación.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been a challenge for medicine in recent years, due to its high contagion rate and associated deaths. Researchers have progressively elucidated transmission methods and most frequent clinical manifestations, that helps the virus detection. With the objective of optimizing prevention and treatment of infected patients, researchers all over the world have evaluated the importance of the immune system response against the virus, highlighting some immunomodulators, such as vitamin D. Body: After SARS-CoV-2 invades the organism, it binds to the receptor located on the respiratory tract epithelial cells, specifically type 2 pneumocyte, decreasing surfactant production and increasing the production of pro inflammatory cytokines, being the main reason for severe cases. Vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune response after binding to its receptor, decreasing the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Some studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation in high doses may produce protective effects against acute respiratory infections. Conclusion: Finally, even the studies that correlate vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severe cases, we still need more evidence to recommend Vitamin D supplementation.

Decreased circulatory levels of Vitamin D in Vitiligo: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background: The serum Vitamin D status in patients with vitiligo is ambiguous when compared to controls. A systematic review and updated meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between Vitamin D and vitiligo. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and other databases. The random effects model was used to obtain standardized mean differences and pooled correlation coefficients. Meta-regression and sub-group analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias and the study robustness were tested using funnel plot and sensitivity analyses, respectively. Results: This meta-analysis finally included 31 studies. Compared with controls, vitiligo patients showed significantly decreased serum Vitamin D levels (standardized mean difference = −1.03; p < 0.0001). The sub-group analysis showed that vitiligo patients with indoor/urban work had a significantly lower Vitamin D level when compared to their outdoor/rural counterparts (standardized mean differences = −0.45; p = 0.03). The sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study had a significant influence on the overall outcome, suggesting the robustness of this meta-analysis. Study limitations: Varied sample sizes and heterogeneous study populations from different countries are the limitations of this study. However, the between-study heterogeneity has been addressed by the random-effects model with meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed significantly decreased Vitamin D level in vitiligo, and its association with indoor/outdoor type of work of vitiligo patients. This study highlights the need to assess Vitamin D status for improving its level in vitiligo.

Association between vitamin D levels and lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis: a case-control study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has relationships with pathogenesis and inflammation pathways in many diseases. Its deficiency may make clinicians think not only of supplementation but also of presence of other diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), given that reduced levels are related to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study conducted in the cardiovascular surgery and family medicine departments of a hospital in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 280 participants were included: 140 each in the DVT and control groups. Basic clinical characteristics, comorbidities and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were recorded and then compared between the groups. Serum 25(OH)D levels were also evaluated separately in three subgroups (sufficient, insufficient and deficient). RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the DVT group than in the controls (P < 0.001). Females in the DVT group had lower 25(OH)D levels than those in the control group (P = 0.002). Nonetheless, the median 25(OH)D level (16.41 ng/ml) of the control group was still below the reference value. Logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D was a significant predictor of DVT. Weight, height and body mass index, which all presented interaction, were significant in the logistic regression analysis but not in individual analyses. CONCLUSION: The serum vitamin D levels of DVT patients were lower than those of controls. If the results obtained from our study are supported by further large-scale randomized controlled trials, vitamin D replacement may be brought into the agenda for protection against DVT.

Decreased circulatory levels of Vitamin D in Vitiligo (ViViD Study): a meta-analysis

Abstract Background: The serum Vitamin D status in patients with vitiligo is ambiguous when compared to controls. A systematic review and updated meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between Vitamin D and vitiligo. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and other databases. The random effects model was used to obtain standardized mean differences and pooled correlation coefficients. Meta-regression and sub-group analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias and the study robustness were tested using funnel plot and sensitivity analyses, respectively. Results: This meta-analysis finally included 31 studies. Compared with controls, vitiligo patients showed significantly decreased serum Vitamin D levels (standardized mean difference = −1.03; p < 0.0001). The sub-group analysis showed that vitiligo patients with indoor/urban work had a significantly lower Vitamin D level when compared to their outdoor/rural counterparts (standardized mean differences = −0.45; p = 0.03). The sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study had a significant influence on the overall outcome, suggesting the robustness of this meta-analysis. Study limitations: Varied sample sizes and heterogeneous study populations from different countries are the limitations of this study. However, the between-study heterogeneity has been addressed by the random-effects model with meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed significantly decreased Vitamin D level in vitiligo, and its association with indoor/outdoor type of work of vitiligo patients. This study highlights the need to assess Vitamin D status for improving its level in vitiligo.

Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity: a meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents when compared to eutrophic controls. Methods Systematic review with meta-analysis covering studies with patients aged 0-18 years old diagnosed with obesity and vitamin D deficiency and control group of eutrophic patients. The studies were retrieved in the PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases in December 2019. The search used the terms "obesity" in combination with "pediatric population" and "vitamin D". Results Through the search 3155 articles were retrieved; and after analysis, 20 studies were selected according to the study objectives. A total of 24,600 children and adolescents were included. Through meta-analysis, the relative risk for the association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.26-1.59) (I² = 89%, p < 0.01). Conclusion Children and adolescents with obesity have higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Hipovitaminosis D en población portadora de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal del Sur de Chile / Vitamin D levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background: Inflammatory Bowell Diseases (IBD), either ulcerative colitis (UC) or Chron's disease (CD) are commonly associated with intestinal malabsorption, and insufficient levels 1-25 hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D). These insufficient levels could be linked with an increased risk of clinical disease activity. Aim: To report vitamin D levels in patients with IBD living in Southern Chile and their possible association with clinical disease activity. Material and Methods: A prospective, observational study in outpatients with IBD living in Los Angeles, Chile. Demographic data and clinical activity using clinical scores were recorded. Vitamin D levels and fecal calprotectin were measured. Results: We studied 44 patients, 32 (73%) with UC and 12 (27%) with CD. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years old. Forty-one (93%) had mild-inactive disease and 3 (7%) a moderate disease. Mean vitamin D levels were 15.2 ± 7.1 ng/ml. Twenty five percent of patients had sufficient levels (> 20 ng/ml), 35% insufficient levels and 40% poor levels. No association between these levels and disease activity was found. Conclusions: These patients with IBD had a high frequency of hypovitaminosis D.

The impact of visceral fat and levels of vitamin D on coronary artery calcification

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluated calcification of the coronary arteries and its association with visceral fat and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels. METHODS: A cross sectional study involving 140 individuals without any previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. A biochemical analysis of vitamin D serum levels was carried out, as well as computed tomography to measure coronary artery calcium score and visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS: The mean age of the individuals was 55.9 (±12.4). Coronary artery calcium was observed in 40.7% of the population. Vitamin D presented median serum levels of 30.4 ng/ml (IQ24.5-39.1), with 14,1 and 33.7% of the individuals presenting deficiency and insufficiency, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the calcium score was more prevalent in aged patients (p<0.01), in hypertensive individuals (p<0.01), in diabetics (p=0.02), and in those with a higher concentration of VAT (p=0.02). In the adjusted analysis, it was found that the highest concentration of VAT (OR: 4.0; 95%CI 1.4-11.7), hypertension (OR: 4.8; 95%CI 1.5-15.3), and age (OR: 10.4; 95%CI 3.9-27.6) were predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis, regardless of body mass index, diabetes, and 25OHD. CONCLUSIONS: Excess visceral fat was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, regardless of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of 25OHD were not associated with CAD in its early stages.

Implicações da deficiência materna de vitamina D: uma revisão sistemática / Implication of maternal vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review

O estudo objetiva avaliar a relação dos níveis de vitamina D em gestantes com as principais complicações gestacionais. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e BIREME, sendo selecionados artigos relevantes publicados de 2013 a 2018, usando os descritores: "vitamin D" AND "maternity" OR "pregnancy". Foram revisados 14 estudos observacionais incluindo casos-controles e coortes que investigaram a relação dos níveis de vitamina D maternos com pré-eclâmpsia, diabetes mellitus gestacional e prematuridade, sendo excluídos os estudos que utilizaram suplementação de vitamina D. Os dados foram extraídos por meio de uma tabulação com as seguintes informações: autor, ano da publicação, país do estudo, score obtido no downs and black, ano da coleta da amostra, tipo do estudo, número de participantes, método de obtenção da amostra de 25(OH)D, tempo da gestação na obtenção da amostra, complicação obstétrica, fatores de confusão ajustados e os principais desfechos. Foi obtido um total de 32.505 pacientes após a soma das amostras de todos os artigos analisados. O principal resultado encontrado, abrangendo as três comorbidades analisadas, relaciona níveis menores que 30 nmol/L de vitamina D como potencial fator de risco para pré-eclâmpsia, diabetes mellitus gestacional e prematuridade.(AU)

The study aims to assess the relationship between vitamin D levels in pregnant women and the main gestational complications. The research was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and BIREME databases, with the selection of relevant articles published from 2013 to 2018, using the descriptors: "vitamin D" AND "maternity" OR "pregnancy". 14 observational studies were reviewed including control cases and cohorts that investigated the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and prematurity, and studies that used vitamin D supplementation were excluded. Data were extracted using a tabulation with the following information: author, year of publication, country of study, score obtained in downs and black, year of sample collection, type of study, number of participants, method of obtaining the sample of 25(OH)D, time of pregnancy in obtaining the sample, obstetric complication, adjusted confounding factors and the main outcomes. A total of 32,505 patients were obtained after adding the samples of all analyzed articles. The main result found, covering the three comorbidities analyzed, lists levels below 30 nmol/L of vitamin D as a potential risk factor for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and prematurity.(AU)

Vitamin D: association with eosinophil counts and IgE levels in children with asthma / Vitamina D e sua associação com níveis de eosinófilos e IgE em crianças com asma

ABSTRACT In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship that levels of vitamin D had with eosinophil counts and IgE levels in 26 children with asthma (6-12 years of age) in the city of Londrina, Brazil. Vitamin D levels were found to correlate significantly, albeit moderately, with age (r = −0.51) and eosinophilia (r = −0.49), although not with IgE levels (r = −0.12). When we stratified the sample into two groups by the median vitamin D level (< or ≥ 24 ng/mL), we found that those in the < 24 ng/mL group were older, had higher eosinophil counts, and had higher IgE levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between low levels of vitamin D and more pronounced eosinophilia in children with asthma in Brazil.

RESUMO A associação entre níveis de vitamina D, eosinófilos e IgE foi analisada transversalmente em 26 crianças (6-12 anos) com asma na cidade de Londrina (PR). Foram observadas correlações moderadas dos níveis de vitamina D com idade (r = −0,51) e eosinofilia (r = −0,49), mas não com IgE (r = −0,12). Ao separar a amostra pelo ponto de corte obtido com a mediana dos níveis de vitamina D (< ou ≥ 24 ng/mL), valores mais altos de idade, eosinófilos e IgE ocorreram no grupo abaixo desse ponto. Pelo que sabemos, este estudo exploratório é o primeiro a mostrar uma associação entre níveis baixos de vitamina D e eosinofilia mais acentuada em crianças asmáticas no Brasil.

Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and psychophysiological variables: a systematic review of the literature

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a role not only in calcium homeostasis, but also in several other functions, including cell growth and immune functions, and is considered a neurosteroid. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide and has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of emotional disorders. Therefore, the association between vitamin D levels and psychophysiological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and mood, has been investigated. To list these variables, a bibliographical literature research was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and PsycINFO databases, between November and December 2020, with no year limits of publication. The studies involved humans aged between 18 and 59 years without associated diseases. This review presents evidence of the main variables involved in this association, main tools used to verify these variables, and methods used to verify circulating vitamin D levels in populations. Most studies have indicated that the main psychophysiological variables involved with vitamin D levels are depression and anxiety followed by mood, and an association has been observed between increased serum vitamin D levels and reduction in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and mood, and there is a heterogeneity of methods for assessing vitamin D. More studies are clearly needed to improve our understanding of their role in modulating the psychophysiological aspects of vitamin D levels.

Anticonvulsivantes y su efecto en el metabolismo de la vitamina D: revisión del tema, a propósito de un caso / Anticonvulsants and their effect on the metabolism of vitamin D: literature review with case report

La epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica frecuente que afecta a cerca de 50.000 millones de personas en el mundo. En Chile, la prevalencia estimada es de 10.8 a 17 por 1.000 habitantes. La primera opción para su tratamiento son los fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) los cuales logran un aceptable control de enfermedad en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, tienen la potencialidad de desencadenar una serie de efectos adversos destacando entre ellos el desarrollo de hipocalcemia (HC) secundaria a hipovitaminosis D (HD), alteración que por lo general es leve y asintomática. Presentamos el caso de una mujer perimenopausica con antecedente de epilepsia en tratamiento con anticonvulsivante que desarrolla hipocalcemia severa. Además revisamos los mecanismos descritos a través de los cuales los FAE afectan el metabolismo de esta vitamina.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects about 50,000 million people in the world. The estimated prevalence is 10.8 to 17 per 1.000 inhabitants in Chile. The first option for its treatment are antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which achieve an acceptable control of the disease in most cases, however, they have the potential to trigger a series of adverse effects (AE) highlighting among them the development of hypocalcemia (HC) secondary to hypovitaminosis D (HD), an alteration that is generally mild and asymptomatic. We present the case of a perimenopausal woman with a history of epilepsy under treatment with an anticonvulsant who develops severe hypocalcemia. We also review the mechanisms described through which AEDs affect the metabolism of this vitamin.